In a Number of Universities in Australia, Lecture Recordings Online

question 79

Essay

In a number of universities in Australia, lecture recordings online are provided to all students. There is
growing concern amongst teaching staff that lecture recordings are used as a substitute for lecture
attendance and that this is leading to a greater fail rate.
At one particular university, a random sample of 224 students is taken, where the students are asked if
they attended the majority of lectures for the last exam they took, or if they viewed the majority of
lecture recordings online and then the student's records are followed up to see if the student passed
that course. $$\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline & \text { Attended lectures } & \text { Viewed lecture recordings online } \\\hline \text { Fail } & 40 & 80 \\\hline \text { Pass } & 56 & 48 \\\hline\end{array}$$ Conduct a test to determine if enough evidence exists to infer that lecture attendance and passing a university course are related. Test at the 10% level of significance.

Understand the concept of primary and conditioned reinforcers.

Differentiate between positive and negative reinforcers.

Identify examples of conditioned reinforcers.

Understand and differentiate between various schedules of reinforcement (fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, variable-interval).

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Definitions:

Central Business District

The commercial and business center of a city, characterized by a concentration of retail, office buildings, and financial institutions.

Mini-Mart

A small retail outlet that typically sells a limited range of food and household products, often located in convenient locations for quick purchases.

Shopper Marketing

The use of displays, coupons, product samples, and other brand communications to influence shopping behavior in a store.

Product Samples

are small quantities of a product given away free of charge to consumers to try and encourage purchase.