In a Number of Universities in Australia, Lecture Recordings Online

question 79

Essay

In a number of universities in Australia, lecture recordings online are provided to all students. There is
growing concern amongst teaching staff that lecture recordings are used as a substitute for lecture
attendance and that this is leading to a greater fail rate.
At one particular university, a random sample of 224 students is taken, where the students are asked if
they attended the majority of lectures for the last exam they took, or if they viewed the majority of
lecture recordings online and then the student's records are followed up to see if the student passed
that course. $$\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline & \text { Attended lectures } & \text { Viewed lecture recordings online } \\\hline \text { Fail } & 40 & 80 \\\hline \text { Pass } & 56 & 48 \\\hline\end{array}$$ Conduct a test to determine if enough evidence exists to infer that lecture attendance and passing a university course are related. Test at the 10% level of significance.

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Definitions:

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

Conjunction Fallacy

A logical fallacy where people incorrectly judge the probability of the conjunction of two events to be more likely than the probability of either event alone.

Gambler's Fallacy

A cognitive bias where an individual erroneously believes that past events will affect the likelihood of future independent events, often seen in probability contexts.

Bilingualism

The ability to fluently speak two languages.