Horizontal Differentiation Occurs When

question 33

Multiple Choice

Horizontal differentiation occurs when:

• A)one product is always considered superior to the other across a broad spectrum of consumers.
• B)some consumers consider a company's product or group of products to be superior to another company's product or group of products, but not all consumers have the same viewpoint.
• C)an inventor in the telecom industry comes up with a completely new and innovative product.
• D)the demand curve is horizontal in an oligopolistic industry.

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Definitions:

Occasion-Setting Properties

Stimuli or contexts that signal the availability of reinforcement or punishment, influencing how an organism responds to other stimuli.

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to elicit a conditioned response.

Lock Conditioning

A method of conditioning where the conditioned stimulus locks the response until the unconditioned stimulus is presented, although this term is not traditionally used in psychological literature, it seems to be a misunderstanding or miscreation.

Conditional Discrimination Task

A learning task where subjects learn to make distinctions between stimuli or responses based on conditional cues or contexts.