You Have Been Studying the Effect of Loss-Of-Function Mutations in the Cdk

question 20

Short Answer

You have been studying the effect of loss-of-function mutations in the Cdk inhibitor protein (CKI) p21. You add the drug fucoxanthin to cell cultures harboring either wild-type or mutant versions of the p21 gene. Fucoxanthin is known to induce cell-cycle arrest in G1. After a day, you add the thymidine analog BrdU to the culture media, collect the cells after an hour, treat them with anti-BrdU antibody and the fluorescent DNA stain DAPI, and finally subject them to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The FACS data can be viewed as a two-dimensional dot plot composed of thousands of dots, in which each cell is represented by one dot at coordinates that correspond to the intensities of the DAPI fluorescence signal (X axis) and BrdU fluorescence signal (Y axis) for that cell. Answer the following question(s) according to the simplified dot plot below, generated from your experiment.

-Indicate which boxed region (1, 2, or 3) in the FACS plots corresponds better to each of the following phases of the cell cycle. Your answer would be a three-digit number composed of numbers 1 to 3, with each number used once, e.g. 312.
( ) G₁ phase
( ) S phase
( ) G₂ and M phases

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Definitions:

Purely Competitive

A market structure characterized by many buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, and no barriers to entry or exit, leading to optimal prices for consumers.

Demand Curve

A visual depiction representing the correlation between an item's price and the desired quantity by buyers.

Break-even Point

The point at which total costs and total revenue are equal, resulting in no net loss or gain for a business.

Negative Economic Profits

A situation where a firm's total revenues are less than its total costs, including both explicit and implicit costs, indicating a loss.