Imagine a Morphogen Gradient Established from Left to Right in a Field

question 38

Short Answer

Imagine a morphogen gradient established from left to right in a field of cells in a developing tissue, as shown in the following schematic diagram. Below a first threshold of morphogen concentration, cells do not respond to the morphogen and express gene "red" by default. Cells exposed to morphogen concentrations above this threshold respond by expressing gene "white" instead, while those exposed to even higher concentrations, above a second threshold, express gene "blue." As shown, the initial pattern resembles a French flag with equally wide blue, white, and red expression domains. With no other change, if the diffusion rate of the morphogen is increased (by a modification that decreases its affinity for heparan sulfate proteoglycans, for example), the gradient profile changes from the gray curve to the black curve, as indicated. Under this new condition, indicate whether each of the following would be expected to increase (I), decrease (D), or remain unchanged (U) in its range. Your answer would be a three-letter string composed of letters I, D, and U only, e.g. UUI.

( ) Blue expression domain
( ) White expression domain
( ) Red expression domain

Understand principles of persuasion and attitude change, including the sleeper effect and foot-in-the-door technique.

Grasp the distinction between personal and collective unconscious and the role of stages in psychological development.

Understand the definition and significance of norms within a culture.

Identify the sensitivity required in marketing to adapt to cultural values and avoid taboos.

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Definitions:

Theory of Mind

The ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, emotions, knowledge—to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs and desires different from one's own.

Centration

A term from cognitive development theory describing a focus on one aspect of a situation while ignoring others, common in early childhood.

Vocabulary Explosion

Vocabulary explosion refers to the rapid increase in the number of words a child learns and uses, typically occurring between the ages of two and three.

Lateralization

The tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other.