Which Is NOT a Guideline Published in the New England

question 23

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a guideline published in the New England Journal of Medicine to help prevent misinterpretation of scientific studies?

• A) An association between two events is not the same as a cause and effect relationship.
• B) Demonstrating one link in a postulated chain of events does not mean that the whole chain has been proved.
• C) A single study can prove a theory if it is reviewed by peers.
• D) Probabilities are not the same as certainties.
• E) The way a scientific result is framed can greatly affect its impact.

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Definitions:

Moss Spore

A reproductive unit capable of developing into a new moss plant, produced by mosses as a part of their life cycle.

Filament

A thin, thread-like structure, often part of a larger network, used in various biological and industrial contexts.

Sphagnum

A genus of mosses known for their role in creating peat bogs, which are significant ecosystems for carbon storage.

Bryophyte

A group of non-vascular plants that includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, known for their life cycle that prominently features a gametophyte stage.