Botulism Is a Type of Paralysis (Inability to Move Muscles)

question 24

Multiple Choice

Botulism is a type of paralysis (inability to move muscles) caused by a specific type of bacteria. The bacteria release a toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) from the neurons that form synapses with muscle cells. Why might botulism toxin cause paralysis?

• A) Without acetylcholine, action potentials never get to muscles cells because they cannot move from one node of Ranvier to the next.
• B) Since acetylcholine is responsible for establishing the concentration gradient of sodium ions, action potentials cannot form in the neurons of individuals with botulism.
• C) If acetylcholine is not released, action potentials that stimulate muscle contraction cannot be transmitted across the synaptic cleft to muscle cells.
• D) In the absence of acetylcholine, sensory neurons are unable to communicate with motor neurons so motor neurons never receive the signal to cause muscle contraction.

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