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Explain why the two outermost gas giant planets, Uranus and Neptune, appear so differentfrom the innermost gas giant planets Saturn and Jupiter.
dN/dS Ratio
A measure used in genetic studies to quantify the relative rate of non-synonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) mutations, indicating selective pressure.
Neutrally
In a manner that is unbiased, not favoring one side, or in genetics, referring to mutations that do not affect an organism's fitness.
Positive Selection
The evolutionary process by which alleles that confer a fitness advantage increase in frequency within a population, leading to adaptation.
Purifying Selection
A type of natural selection that removes deleterious alleles from a population, leading to a decrease in genetic variation for the traits affected.
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