Perform the Indicated Sign Test $$\alpha = 0.05$$

question 52

Essay

Perform the indicated sign test. Be sure to do the following: Identify the claim mathematically and state the null and
alternative hypotheses. Determine the critical value and find the test statistic. Decide whether to reject or fail to reject
the null hypothesis and interpret the decision in the context of the original claim.
-A weight-lifting coach claims that weight-lifters can increase strength by taking vitamin E. To test the theory,
the coach randomly selects 9 athletes and gives them a strength test using a bench press. Thirty days later, after
regular training supplemented by vitamin E, they are tested again. The results are listed below. Use the sign
test to test the claim that the vitamin E supplement is effective in increasing the athletesʹ strength. Use $$\alpha = 0.05$$ $$\begin{array} { l c c c c c c c c c } \hline \text { Athlete } & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 \\\hline \text { Before } & 217 & 264 & 273 & 202 & 180 & 237 & 242 & 268 & 274 \\\text { After } & 227 & 269 & 273 & 200 & 187 & 252 & 247 & 263 & 279 \\\hline\end{array}$$

---

Definitions:

Concurrent Exchange

A process in which two substances, such as blood and air in the lungs, flow in opposite directions to maximize the transfer of gases or other molecules.

Tracheal Tubes

A network of air tubes in insects that branch throughout the body for gas exchange.

Spiracles

External respiratory openings in insects and some amphibians and fish, used for breathing.

Organismic Respiration

The process by which living organisms take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide, essential for energy production.