A Running Coach Wanted to See Whether Runners Ran Faster

question 37

Multiple Choice

A running coach wanted to see whether runners ran faster after eating spaghetti the night before a race. Twenty-four random runners were chosen for this study.They ran a 5-kilometre race after having a
Normal dinner the night before, and then a week later, re-ran the same race after having a spaghetti dinner
The night before.Their results (in seconds) are in the table below.At , what is the test value for
This test?

• A)-3.41
• B)-1.00
• C)-0.26
• D)-4.90

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Definitions:

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to believe, after an outcome is known, that it was predictable, despite there being little or no objective basis for predicting it.

Reconstruction Bias

a type of cognitive bias that involves memory errors in which individuals may add or omit details in their recollection of events.

Overconfidence Bias

The tendency to hold a subjective belief unreasonably confidently, making someone believe their ability, or the accuracy of their information, is higher than it actually is.

Confirmation Bias

The bias towards finding, interpreting, selecting, and recollecting evidence in ways that validate one's prior beliefs or notions.