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Cardiac Sphincter
A muscular valve located between the esophagus and the stomach, preventing acid reflux from the stomach back into the esophagus.
Pyloric Sphincter
Thickening of the circular layer of the gastric musculature encircling the junction between the stomach and duodenum; also called pylorus.
Hydrochloric Acid
A strong acid secreted by the stomach lining that helps in digestion by breaking down food and killing bacteria.
Submucosal Layer
The layer of tissue lying just beneath the mucosa, containing blood vessels, nerves, and glands, found in various tubular structures in the body.