Standardized Test Scores Have Been Rising in the Last Few

question 18

True/False

Standardized test scores have been rising in the last few years in math, verbal, and writing abilities.

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Definitions:

Payout Ratios

The proportion of earnings paid out to shareholders in dividends, indicating how much profit is distributed versus retained.

Investors

Persons or organizations that invest funds anticipating financial profits in return.

Expectations Theory

With respect to dividends: a dividend that’s lower than expected will be taken as a negative by investors even if it is larger than previous dividends. A variation on the signaling effect of dividends. With respect to interest rates: A theory explaining the shape of the yield curve. The curve slopes up or down depending on whether expectations about future interest and inflation rates are increasing or decreasing.

Signaling Effect

The signaling effect refers to the idea that actions by a company can provide information to investors about its future prospects.