The Density of the Universe Is

question 57

Multiple Choice

The density of the universe is

• A) equal to the critical density if the universe is closed.
• B) equal to the critical density if the universe is flat.
• C) greater than the critical density if the universe is flat.
• D) greater than the critical density if the universe is open.
• E) none of the above.

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Definitions:

Masking

A method used in research where the participants and/or researchers are unaware of which individuals are in the control group and which are in the experimental group, to prevent bias.

Confounding

A situation in which the effect of two variables on a third is not clearly distinguishable.

Validity

The accuracy with which a study reflects the true situation.

Bias

A systematic error or deviation from the truth in results or inferences that can affect the validity of research findings.