In a Systematic Review of Aspirin as a Possible Preventive

question 8

Multiple Choice

In a systematic review of aspirin as a possible preventive of lung cancer (Feskanich et al., British Journal of Cancer, 2007
Http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2360462/pdf/6603996a.pdf) , the
Authors identified all papers with original data that assessed the relation between
Aspirin use and lung cancer incidence or mortality (N=18) and then excluded:
- Retrospective analyses (N=4)
- Prospective studies that did not account for smoking (N=3)
- Studies with no quantitative measure of aspirin use (N=2) .
Which of the following statements are true? (select all that apply)

• A)The results of the review will be biased because 9 of the 18 studies were excluded
• B)It is appropriate to exclude retrospective studies because of potential biases in aspirin recall and selection of controls
• C)It is appropriate to exclude retrospective studies because their results are likely to be confounded
• D)It is inappropriate to exclude the retrospective studies because there is only a small number of studies overall
• E)It is appropriate to exclude studies with no control for confounding by smoking because this is likely to influence the association between aspirin and lung cancer

Understand the characteristics and diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorder.

Identify the components and types of Sternberg's theory of intelligence.

Recognize the new approach to understanding autism spectrum disorders through the concept of neurodiversity.

Differentiate between genetic and environmental influences on intelligence.

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Definitions:

Conscious Control

The deliberate use of one's awareness to regulate and direct one's thoughts, actions, or emotions.

High-Level

Refers to abstract, complex or strategic thinking or reasoning that involves comprehensive analysis or synthesis of information.

Low-Level

Pertaining to basic or rudimentary aspects of a process or operation, often without involving complexities.

Autonomy

The quality or state of being self-governing; the ability to make one's own choices and decisions independently.