Campaigns to Lower Smoking Rates and Advances in Medical and Surgical

question 2

Multiple Choice

Campaigns to lower smoking rates and advances in medical and surgical therapies have both helped bring about large declines in mortality from coronary heart disease
(CHD) in Canadian men.Which of the following study designs and epidemiological
Measures could contribute to assessing their relative contributions?

• A)Looking at how in‐hospital mortality among patients with CHD has changed over time using case‐fatality ratios from short‐term prognostic (cohort) studies
• B)Looking at time trends in the incidence rate of CHD over the same period that CHD mortality has been falling
• C)Evidence from repeated cross‐sectional national surveys showing that the prevalence of smoking in men has fallen over the same time period
• D)Repeat surveys of GPs showing increasing levels of detection and treatment of raised blood pressure over the same time period
• E)All of the above

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Definitions:

Vaporization

The phase transition of a substance from a liquid to a gas, occurring through the processes of evaporation or boiling.

Calorie

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C; equivalent to 4.184 joules. Compare with Kilocalorie.

pH Value

A numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution, with values ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic), and 7 being neutral.

Beer

A fermented beverage made from barley, hops, water, and yeast, commonly consumed worldwide.