About 20% of Men Who Come to Autopsy Have a Cancer

question 2

Multiple Choice

About 20% of men who come to autopsy have a cancer in their prostate gland which had not been diagnosed while they were alive, i.e.they did not have clinically‐evident
Prostate cancer.However, as a result of this undiagnosed cancer they will have had
Increased blood levels of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) while they were alive, and
This is what screening tests for prostate cancer detect.Given this, if a population‐
Based screening programme to detect prostate cancer is introduced, which of the
Following statements are correct? (Select all that apply)

• A)There is likely to be a high rate of false positive tests for clinical prostate cancer
• B)The incidence rate of prostate cancer will increase
• C)The mortality rate of prostate cancer will fall
• D)All of the above
• E)A and B are both correct

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Definitions:

Control Group

A group in a scientific experiment where the experimental procedure is applied, except for the variable being tested, serving as a comparison to determine the effect of the treatment.

External Validity

The ability to extend the outcomes of a research study to different environments and various people.

Internal Validity

Refers to the extent to which a study can establish a causal relationship between its variables, eliminating alternative explanations.

Nomothetic Insights

Generalizations or laws that apply to large numbers of individuals, often used in the context of psychology to identify universal traits or behaviors.