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The stimulus substitution model suggests that neural pathways, developed during conditioning trials, allow the CS to elicit the UR.What evidence supports this theory? What evidence is used to refute the stimulus substitution model?
Population Variances
Measures of the spread or distribution of a set of data points in a population, quantifying the degree to which these points differ from the population mean.
Sample Variance
A measure of the dispersion or spread of a set of data points around their mean, calculated as the sum of the squared deviations from the mean, divided by the number of observations minus one.
Equal-variances Test
A statistical test used to determine if two or more samples have equal variances.
Unequal Variances Test
A statistical test used when comparing two groups that do not assume the variances of the groups are equal.
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