When a VI Schedule Was Yoked to a VR Schedule

question 16

Multiple Choice

When a VI schedule was yoked to a VR schedule so that pigeons on the VI schedule had the same opportunity to earn reinforcement as birds on the VR schedule,

• A)subjects in both groups showed similar rates of responding.
• B)subjects in the VI group pecked more vigorously than those in the VR group.
• C)subjects in the VR group pecked more vigorously than those in the VI group.
• D)subjects in the VR group showed initially high levels of responding but their response rate quickly dropped to the rate of the VI subjects.

Understand the concept of validity and its types (external, internal, construct, and mundane realism).

Learn about the effects of reactance and situations likely to induce such responses.

Recognize research ethics, including the use of deception, informed consent, and the necessity for debriefing.

Differentiate between laboratory and field experiments, correlational studies, and quasi-experiments in terms of validity and application settings.

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Definitions:

IV × PV Factorial

A factorial design involving an independent variable (IV) and a participant variable (PV), typically used to examine their interactive effects on a dependent variable.

Interpersonal Distance

The physical space between individuals, which can affect communication and interaction, often categorized into intimate, personal, social, and public zones.

Personality Type

A categorization of individuals based on their characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Positive Statements

Assertions or propositions that are based on objective facts and can be tested or verified, rather than on opinions or values.