One Group (Classical Conditioning) of Guinea Pigs Was Placed in a Running

question 51

Multiple Choice

One group (Classical Conditioning) of guinea pigs was placed in a running wheel, a tone CS was presented, and 2 seconds later a brief shock was administered.Another group (Avoidance) also was placed in a running wheel, a tone CS was presented, and a brief shock was administered only if the subjects did not move the wheel during the CS presentation.After several trials, what do you suspect was the response to the CS?

• A)The classical conditioning group ran more than the avoidance group.
• B)The avoidance group ran more than the classical conditioning group.
• C)The two groups ran approximately the same amount.
• D)Neither group ran much in response to the CS.

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Definitions:

Utilitarianism

An ethical theory that posits the best action is the one that maximizes utility, typically defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people.

Duty-Based

An ethical framework that focuses on the duties or obligations one has in order to act ethically, often associated with Immanuel Kant's deontological ethics.

Care Ethics

An approach to moral theory that emphasizes interpersonal relationships and urges the reliance on virtues related to caring as a basis for assessing how to act in specific cases. This approach has been developed and defended by feminist theorists and is sometimes called “feminist ethics,” though in principle one can defend this approach without relating it to women or to feminist concerns.

Feminist Philosophers

Thinkers who apply feminist perspectives and analysis to philosophical issues, challenging traditional concepts and advocating for gender equality.