What Are Species Specific Defense Reactions and Why Is It

question 18

Not Answered

What are species specific defense reactions and why is it important to consider them in avoidance and punishment situations?

---

Definitions:

Universal Instantiation

A logical rule of inference that allows for the deduction of specific instances from a universally quantified statement.

Existential Instantiation

A logical principle where from a general statement, one can infer the existence of at least one particular instance.

Universal Generalization

Universal generalization is a logical principle that allows one to infer that something is true for all members of a class from its being true for every observed member.

Quantifier Negation

The process of negating the quantifier in a logical expression, changing its scope or applying negation to the predicate instead.