The graph illustrates the market for a product on which an excise tax has been imposed by government. What is the area that represents the portion of the excise tax that is the burden to consumers?
Definitions:
Shaping
Shaping is a method of training by which successive approximations toward a desired behavior are reinforced.
Primary Reinforcement
A reinforcer that satisfies a basic biological need or desire, such as food, water, or sleep, which is inherently motivating.
Secondary Reinforcement
A type of reinforcement where a stimulus gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.
Ratio Schedules
A type of operant conditioning reinforcement schedule in which a response is reinforced after a specified number of responses.
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