The Nuremberg Code (1947) and the Declaration of Helsinki (1967)

question 44

Multiple Choice

The Nuremberg Code (1947) and the Declaration of Helsinki (1967) set forth guidelines affirming that

• A) the validity of a study's findings should always be primary in the minds of researchers.
• B) human subjects participating in all experiments have rights that must be respected.
• C) prisoners alone do not have the right to decline to participate in studies that hold promise for the greater society.
• D) all experimenters must have rigorous training in research methodology to insure that the goals of science are progressed.

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Definitions:

Psychological Difficulties

Mental or emotional challenges that can affect an individual's cognition, behavior, or emotions, making daily functioning difficult.

Major Depressive Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities, seriously affecting daily functioning.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A medical treatment most commonly used for severe depression, involving electric currents passed through the brain to induce seizures that can lead to therapeutic effects.

Cingulotomy

A neurosurgical procedure that targets the cingulate gyrus to treat various psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depression, by severing certain connections within the brain.