Sam Is Sitting in a Courtroom Doing an Assignment for His

question 43

Multiple Choice

Sam is sitting in a courtroom doing an assignment for his evidence class. He hears Paul, the Prosecutor, and Dick, the Defense Attorney, talking to Judge John:
· Paul asked the judge to accept a stipulation that the defendant had a prior conviction. Dick denied that the defendant had ever been convicted before.
· Dick asked the judge to take judicial notice of the fact that it was daylight at 10 a.m. on June 5.
· Paul asked the judge to instruct the jury on a presumption. Dick objected on the grounds that Paul had not established the basic fact beyond a reasonable doubt. Should Judge John give a jury instruction about the presumption as requested by Paul?

• A) Yes, the prosecution is allowed to introduce presumptions in criminal cases as long as there is some basis in fact for them.
• B) Yes, as long as Dick has an opportunity to introduce evidence to disprove the presumed fact.
• C) No, Dick is correct. The prosecution must establish the basic fact beyond a reasonable doubt in criminal cases.
• D) No, presumptions are unconstitutional in criminal cases.

Grasp the concept of self-determination and its cultural implications.

Identify the characteristics of individualist vs. collectivist societies.

Recognize the significance of cultural dimensions in influencing social behavior and practices.

Distinguish between horizontal and vertical societies in terms of social orientation and individual differences.

---

Definitions:

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

A psychological conflict that occurs when a goal is both attractive and unattractive at the same time.

Approach-Approach Conflict

A psychological conflict that occurs when an individual must choose between two desirable goals or outcomes.

Worker Motivation

The set of internal and external factors that stimulate workers to take actions that lead to achieving a goal.

Varied Tasks

Tasks that differ in nature, complexity, or requirements, used to stimulate different cognitive processes or to prevent monotony in experimental or work settings.