Hal Has Been Charged with Fraud Based on the Bankruptcy

question 40

Multiple Choice

Hal has been charged with fraud based on the bankruptcy he filed for a business he owned. The prosecution has a number of documents it wishes to introduce:
•Numerous invoices itemizing orders taken by the staff at Hal's company. All invoices were printed with sequential numbers but nearly one quarter of them are missing from files in the company's accounting office.
•A promissory note indicating that Hal's company owes the lender $100,000. It appears that the document was altered and the original amount of the loan was $10,000.
•Digital personnel records showing that Hal's company owes its staff $500,000 in back wages
•Handwritten notes found in Hal's office. The notes were apparently made by Hal when discussing his gambling debts. The prosecution obtained digital personnel records from the computer in the accounting office of Hal's company. Can these records be introduced at trial in federal court?

• A) Prosecution must call forensics computer examiner who witnessed the records being printed out.
• B) Federal Rules of Evidence allow a printout to be introduced as an original document.
• C) Prosecution must call someone from Information Technology at Hal's company to testify about the software used to create the files.
• D) Prosecution must do all of these in order to have the records admitted in federal court.

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Definitions:

Perfectly Elastic

Describes a market scenario in which the quantity demanded or supplied changes infinitely in response to any change in price.

Average Variable Costs

The total variable cost divided by the quantity of output produced, reflecting the variable cost per unit.

Sales Promotion

A marketing strategy involving the use of short-term incentives to encourage the purchase or sale of a product or service.

Marginal Revenue

The increase in revenue that results from selling one more unit of a product.