[Solved] Males with low fertility, abnormally small testes, sparse body hair, and enlarged breasts probably have a genotype of A) XO. B) XX. C) XXX. D) XXY. E) XYY. Independent Variables: In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated or altered to examine its effect on a dependent variable. Demand Characteristics: The cues in a study that might tell a research participant what behaviors are expected or desirable in that setting. Confounds: Factors in an experiment that could undermine the ability to draw accurate conclusions by affecting the dependent variable in ways not accounted for by the independent variable. Disconfirmation: The process in which evidence contradicts or challenges existing beliefs or hypotheses, leading to adjustment or abandonment of those beliefs.