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A Recent Study of the Effects of the General Anesthetic

question 15

Multiple Choice

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. In a natural system, honeybees as well as the flowers they feed on and pollinate would be considered a(n)

Distinguish between true and false statements regarding respiratory physiology.

Understand the physiological relevance of oxygen in the body, including its role in metabolism and energy production.

Understand the role and outcome of the inflation reflex in respiration.

Identify the main generator of impulses for respiratory rate during normal breathing.

Definitions:

Client-centered Therapy

A form of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes providing a supportive environment in which clients can enhance their self-understanding and adjust their behavior.

Cognitive Therapy

A form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the importance of thought patterns in determining emotions and behaviors.

Psychoanalytic Therapy

A therapeutic approach developed by Freud that aims to explore unconscious conflicts and emotional issues from one's past.

Working Through

A concept in psychotherapy that involves the process of repeatedly discussing and analyzing issues, leading to resolution and personal growth.