Solved

Muscular Dystrophy Is a Group of Inherited Disorders That Lead

question 9

Multiple Choice

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. Who is more likely to suffer from DMD?

Definitions:

Health Care Decisions

Choices made by individuals or their designated proxies regarding medical treatments and interventions, often based on personal values and health conditions.

Life Support

Medical systems or procedures that provide essential bodily functions support to critically ill or comatose patients.

Expressed Consent

Explicit permission granted through clear and unquestionable language or action, particularly in legal and medical contexts.

Informed Consent

A process by which a person knowingly and voluntarily agrees to participate in a particular procedure or treatment, after understanding all relevant facts and risks involved.