The Removal of U

question 14

Multiple Choice

The removal of U.S. forces from Iraq by the end of 2011 was negotiated by the Bush administration but

• A) has never been implemented by the Obama administration.
• B) is being slowly implemented by the Obama administration.
• C) occurred a year before the deadline under the Obama administration.
• D) was completed by the Obama administration.

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Definitions:

Primary Reinforcement

A type of reinforcement that is inherently rewarding, such as food or water, which satisfies a biological need.

Law of Effect

A principle of learning that states behaviors followed by positive outcomes are more likely to be repeated, while those followed by negative outcomes are less likely to occur.

Variable Ratio

A reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses, enhancing its effectivity.

Fixed Ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses, often used in behavior modification programs.