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Which of the following represents the firm's short-run condition for shutting down?
Primary Reinforcers
Innate, biologically significant stimuli, like food and water, that satisfy physiological needs and thus reinforce behavior without prior learning.
Generalization
The act or process of applying an idea, rule, or pattern to broader situations, often used in learning and reasoning.
Variable-Interval
A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed, resulting in a steady but slow rate of response in behaviorist psychology.
Fixed-Ratio
A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after a set number of responses.
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