Suppose a Society Consists of Only Two People, John and Jane

question 248

Multiple Choice

Suppose a society consists of only two people, John and Jane. A utilitarian would say that the proper role of government in this society is to

• A)equalize the incomes of John and Jane.
• B)equalize John's utility and Jane's utility.
• C)equalize John's marginal utility and Jane's marginal utility.
• D)maximize the sum of John's utility and Jane's utility.

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Definitions:

Operant Conditioning

A technique of instruction where the potency of a conduct is influenced by rewarding or discouraging it.

Classical Conditioning

A method of pairing in learning where two stimuli are habitually associated; over time, the response originally from the second stimulus comes to be from the first stimulus alone.

Reinforcement

A principle in behavior theory in which a behavior is strengthened or made more likely to occur in the future by consequences that follow it.

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing capability through its association with a primary reinforcer, such as money or praise.