Use the Following to Answer Question

question 67

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer question :
-Black Death

• A)A knight who has sworn loyalty to a particular lord.
• B)A portion of land, the use of which was given by a lord to a vassal in exchange for the latter's oath of loyalty.
• C)A medieval European political system that defines the military obligations and relations between a lord and his vassals and involves the granting of fiefs.
• D)The economic system that governed rural life in medieval Europe, in which the landed estates of a lord were worked by the peasants under the lord's jurisdiction in exchange for his protection.
• E)A peasant who lost his or her freedom and became permanently bound to the landed estate of a lord.
• F)An idea, belief, or action counter to doctrines that church leaders defined as correct; those found in violation could be punished by the church.
• G)A fourteenth-century term used to describe the long Christian crusade to wrest Spain back from the Muslims; clerics believed it was a sacred and patriotic mission.
• H)Holy wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of the holy city of Jerusalem from the Muslims.
• I)A code of conduct that was supposed to govern the behavior of a knight.
• J)Associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen.
• K)The transformation of the economic structure of Europe, beginning in the eleventh century, from a rural, manorial society to a more complex mercantile society.
• L)Medieval professors who developed a method of thinking, reasoning, and writing in which questions were raised and authorities cited on both sides of a question.
• M)The term for the architectural and artistic style that began in Europe in the twelfth century and featured pointed arches, high ceilings, and flying buttresses.
• N)Literature written in the everyday language of a region rather than Latin; this included French, German, Italian, and English.
• O)The plague that first struck Europe in 1347, killing perhaps one-third of the population.

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Definitions:

Instinctive Drift

The tendency of an animal to revert to instinctive behaviors that interfere with a conditioned response.

Stimulus Discrimination

The tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus because the similar stimulus is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Extinction

Extinction refers to the process in conditioning where the occurrence of a conditioned response decreases or disappears when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Acquisition

The process of learning or obtaining new information or skills.