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Describe the Ming System of Bureaucracy and Evaluate Its Virtues

question 20

Essay

Describe the Ming system of bureaucracy and evaluate its virtues and limitations.


Definitions:

Hostile Attribution Bias

The habit of interpreting the conduct of others as aggressive, regardless of whether such conduct is vague or innocent.

Defense Mechanism

Psychological strategies employed by individuals to cope with reality and to maintain self-image by unconsciously denying or distorting reality.

Aggressive Behaviors

Actions or conducts that are assertive, forceful, or hostile, often intended to dominate or control.

Social Discounting Bias

The tendency to undervalue the future well-being or outcomes of others compared to one's own immediate needs or desires.

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