Which Entities Often Contribute to Dualism

question 3

Multiple Choice

Which entities often contribute to dualism?

• A)multinational corporations (MNCs)
• B)states
• C)nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
• D)intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)

---

Definitions:

Bondholders

Individuals or entities that hold bonds issued by corporations, municipalities, or governments and are entitled to receive the bond's interest payments plus the return of the bond's principal upon maturity.

Common Stock

A form of corporate equity ownership, a type of security representing ownership in a corporation, with a claim on a portion of its profits.

Operating Expenses

Costs associated with a company's main operational activities, such as rent, utilities, and payroll.

Incremental Interest Rate

The additional interest rate applied to borrowing beyond a predetermined threshold, or the rate used to evaluate the cost of potential projects over the cost of capital.