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When the first spouse dies, then any unused applicable exclusion is lost and cannot be used.
Progressive Tax
A tax system in which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases, resulting in higher income individuals paying a larger percentage of their income in taxes compared to lower-income individuals.
Vertical Equity
A concept in taxation that argues taxpayers with a greater ability to pay taxes should pay more, compared to those with a lesser ability to pay.
Marginal Tax Rate
The tax rate that applies to the last dollar of the tax base (income or wealth) earned.
Average Tax Rate
The ratio of total taxes paid to total income, representing the percentage of income that goes to taxes.
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