Many GM Systems Place a PCM-Generated Signal, Known as a Bias

question 3

Multiple Choice

Many GM systems place a PCM-generated signal, known as a bias voltage , on the oxygen sensor signal until it begins to generate its own voltage. The value of this bias voltage is:

• A)45 mV
• B)450 mV
• C)4.5 V
• D)5 V

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Definitions:

Treynor's Measure

A performance metric for determining how well an investment portfolio has compensated the investor for the risk taken, using beta as the risk measure.

Risk-Free Return

The theoretical return on an investment with zero risk, typically represented by government bonds or bills, serving as a benchmark for assessing investment performance.

Information Ratio

This ratio measures the excess return of a portfolio over the benchmark's return, relative to the volatility of those excess returns, indicating the portfolio manager's ability to generate consistent excess returns.

Risk-Free Return

The theoretical return on investment with no risk of financial loss, often represented by the yield on government securities.