If Students Who Complete a Study Skills Course Raised Their

question 192

Multiple Choice

If students who complete a study skills course raised their grade point averages, can we conclude that the course caused their improvement?

• A)Yes, because the scientific data was collected.
• B)Yes, because a negative correlation exists between these students' grade point averages before and after taking the course.
• C)Yes, because the course resulted in a self-fulfilling prophecy.
• D)No, because there was no control group.

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Definitions:

Perceptual Defense

Perceptual defense is a psychological mechanism wherein individuals unconsciously resist or avoid recognizing information or stimuli that are threatening or disturbing to them.

Objects

Physical items that can be seen and touched.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A phenomenon where a belief or expectation, whether correct or not, influences the outcome in a way that confirms the belief.

Expectations

Anticipated outcomes or behaviors in a given situation.