​Jerald, a Budding Young Artist of Four, Decides to Use

question 37

Multiple Choice

​Jerald, a budding young artist of four, decides to use his mother's new white shag carpet as a canvas for his peanut butter and jelly impressionist piece. When his mother (who does not appreciate art) discovers his work, she grabs Jerald by the collar, pulls him toward her, and give him a stern smack on the bottom. Jerald ceases smearing the carpet with peanut butter and jelly. This treatment of Jerald is a good example of

• A) ​negative reinforcement.
• B) ​Type I punishment.
• C) ​extinction.
• D) ​Type II punishment.

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Definitions:

Organic Designs

An organizational structure characterized by flexibility, decentralized decision-making, and a lack of rigid protocols.

Mechanistic Designs

Organizational structures characterized by rigid hierarchies, clear job responsibilities, and a focus on efficiency and predictability.

Mechanistic Organizations

Highly structured, hierarchical companies with centralized decision-making and strict rules and procedures.

Centralized Organizations

Organizations where decision-making authority is concentrated at higher levels of management, leading to a more controlled and uniform operational approach.