James Frequently Seems to Act Out in the Classroom

question 4

Multiple Choice

James frequently seems to act out in the classroom. When the teacher has stopped paying attention, James's acting-out behavior has decreased considerably, but occasionally this behavior returns unexpectedly. The return of this unwanted behavior can be explained by the process of

• A) extinction.
• B) shaping.
• C) negative reinforcement.
• D) spontaneous recovery.

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Definitions:

Social Welfare

A set of government programs aimed at providing support to the needy in society, ensuring a minimum standard of living and protection against economic risks.

Total Surplus

The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus in a market, representing the total net benefit to society from the production and consumption of goods.

Benevolent Social Planner

A theoretical construct representing an entity or policymaker that aims to achieve the most efficient and equitable outcomes for society as a whole, often seen in economic models.

Socially Efficient

A condition where resources are allocated in a way that maximizes the overall benefit to society, taking into account all externalities.