When Donovan Was Four Years Old, He Was Startled and Began

question 43

Multiple Choice

When Donovan was four years old, he was startled and began to cry when a car backfired just as he was walking past a fire hydrant. As an adult, Donovan is still fearful of fire hydrants and avoids walking near them. Based on principles of classical conditioning, for Donovan the fire hydrant is a(n)

• A)unconditioned stimulus.
• B)subconscious trigger .
• C)conditioned stimulus.
• D)counterconditioned stimulus.

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Definitions:

Scar Production

The process of tissue healing that results in the formation of scar tissue, replacing normal skin after injury.

Stable Cells

Cells that have a low rate of division under normal conditions but can rapidly divide in response to injury or loss.

Increased Permeability

A state where a barrier (such as blood vessels or membranes) allows more substances to pass through it than normal.

Blood Vessels

Pipe-like entities that distribute blood across the body, comprising arteries, veins, and capillaries.