Earlier Learning Viewpoints Considered Classical and Operant Conditioning to Be

question 154

Multiple Choice

Earlier learning viewpoints considered classical and operant conditioning to be automatic processes involving only environmental events that did not depend at all on biological or cognitive factors. Research on which of the following concepts cast doubt on this point of view?

• A)S ignal relations and preparedness
• B)E xtinction and generalization
• C)R atio and interval schedules
• D)D iscrimination and spontaneous recovery

---

Definitions:

Gifted

Refers to individuals, often children, who exhibit high levels of aptitude or competence in one or more domains at an early age.

Longitudinal Study

A research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables over a period of time, extending from months to years.

Mental Illnesses

A wide range of mental health conditions that affect mood, thinking, and behavior, often leading to distress and difficulty in functioning.

Nonverbal Abilities

cognitive skills that do not require the use of language, including understanding and interpreting gestures, facial expressions, and other nonverbal cues.