Random Assignment Is Essential to Establishing Causality Because It

question 5

Multiple Choice

Random assignment is essential to establishing causality because it

• A) permits researchers to verify that they have a diverse and representative sample of participants.
• B) reduces the possibility that individual characteristics of the participants produced the observed results.
• C) increases the external validity of the experiment and virtually eliminates issues of reliability.
• D) allows researchers to determine whether or not their operational definitions reflect the variables of interest.

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Definitions:

Excess Demand

A situation where the quantity demanded of a good exceeds the quantity supplied at a particular price, leading to a shortage.

Supply Function

A mathematical function that illustrates the quantity of a good that producers are willing and able to sell at different price levels.

Demand Function

A mathematical expression showing the relationship between the quantity demanded of a good and its price, along with other determinants of demand like income.

Quantity Tax

A tax levied on the quantity of goods sold, not on the value of sales.