Sophia Voted for Barack Obama in the 2008 U

question 131

Multiple Choice

Sophia voted for Barack Obama in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. She believes that approximately 90% of college students also voted for Obama, when in reality that number is much lower. Sophia's overestimation is consistent with the

• A) false-consensus effect.
• B) confirmation bias.
• C) self-fulfilling prophecy.
• D) representativeness heuristic.

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Definitions:

Group Polarization

The phenomenon where discussions within a group lead to the adoption of more extreme positions or attitudes than the initial inclinations of its members.

Groupthink

A psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people when the desire for harmony or conformity results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome.

Social Facilitation

The tendency for people to perform tasks better when they are in the presence of others.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A psychological theory suggesting that individuals experience discomfort and distress when holding two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values, often leading to changes in beliefs or attitudes.