T-Scores for Student X on an Achievement Test Battery Standardized

question 14

Multiple Choice

T-scores for student X on an achievement test battery standardized on the same population are spelling 35, math 62, social studies 50, and English grammar 52. Each test has a SEM of 2; the tests are not intercorrelated. We conclude that

• A) X is strongest in spelling.
• B) X is strongest in math.
• C) there are no substantial differences in X's achievements in these four areas.
• D) it is not possible to compare X's performance on these subtests.

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Definitions:

Wrongdoers

Individuals who act improperly or unlawfully, engaging in behavior that is morally, ethically, or legally incorrect.

Retributivists

Advocates of a theory of justice that holds that the best response to a crime is a punishment proportional to the offense, administered for its own sake rather than to serve an external purpose.

Punishment Imposed

Sanctions or penalties applied on someone for the violation of rules or laws.

Theory of Incapacitation

The idea that keeping offenders in confinement is effective in reducing crime as it physically prevents them from committing further offenses.