The Costs of Environmental Cleanups Absorbed by Downstream Individuals, Companies

question 17

Multiple Choice

The costs of environmental cleanups absorbed by downstream individuals, companies, or municipalities are referred to as:

• A)surrogates.
• B)externalities.
• C)future impacts.
• D)collateral damages.
• E)ethical costs.

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Definitions:

Hyperarousal

Hyperarousal is a condition stemming from trauma, leading to an increased state of sensory sensitivity accompanied by an exaggerated intensity of behaviors presumed to have a protective purpose.

Self-Preservation

The instinctual behavior that drives an individual to protect themselves from harm or ensure their own survival.

Substance Abuse Issues

Refers to problems arising from the misuse of alcohol, drugs, or other substances that affect mental and physical health.

Racism

Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior.