In the Context of the American Criminal Justice System, Which

question 61

Multiple Choice

In the context of the American criminal justice system, which of the following is true of diversity on the bench?

• A) Blacks have a fair degree of representation in the state appellate courts.
• B) Members of minority groups are overrepresented in the federal judiciary.
• C) More than half of all state appellate judges are white males.
• D) Women are notably present in the highest courts of most states.

---

Definitions:

Positive Punishment

The addition of an unpleasant stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior's recurrence.

Negative Punishment

A behavior modification technique where a desirable stimulus is removed following an unwanted behavior, with the aim of decreasing that behavior in the future.

Stimulus Generalization

A psychological phenomenon in which a response to a specific stimulus becomes associated with similar stimuli, leading to the same response to the similar stimuli.

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that has become reinforcing through its association with a primary reinforcer, often used in behavioral training and conditioning.