Members to the Japanese House of Representatives Are Elected Using

question 59

Multiple Choice

Members to the Japanese House of Representatives are elected using a mixed member proportional (MMP) system, which means that

• A) a portion of the members (about one-third) are appointed by party leaders rather than being elected.
• B) each voter casts two ballots, one for a candidate in a single member district and one for a party in a proportional representation (PR) district.
• C) voters in urban areas use a PR system, while voters in rural areas use a single member plurality (SMP) system.
• D) voters in urban areas use a SMP system, while those in rural areas use a PR system.
• E) each voter casts one ballot for a particular candidate and that vote may not be transferred to another candidate even of the same party.

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Definitions:

Placebo

An inert or innocuous substance given to a patient instead of genuine medication, used in studies to evaluate the efficacy of treatments.

Confederate

An individual who is part of an experiment but pretends to be a participant and is aware of the study's aims.

Experimental

Pertaining to a methodological approach that involves manipulating one variable to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable.

Independent Variable

The variable in an experimental setup that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable.