Discuss the Ways in Which India's Numerous Bases of Stratification-Along

question 24

Essay

Discuss the ways in which India's numerous bases of stratification-along lines of caste, class, gender, religion, and ethnicity-have both undermined and enhanced democratic processes in the country. Please cite specific examples in your answer.

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Definitions:

Discretionary Income

Discretionary income is the amount of an individual's income left for spending, investing, or saving after taxes and personal necessities (like food, shelter) are taken care of.

Necessities

Essential items and services required for basic human survival and well-being, such as food, water, shelter, and healthcare.

Federal Income Taxes

Taxes imposed by the government on the income of individuals, corporations, and other entities.

Consumer Confidence

is a measure of how optimistic or pessimistic consumers are about their financial prospects and the state of the economy, impacting their spending and saving behaviors.