Brazil Has a Weak Party System Because of All of the Following

question 42

Multiple Choice

Brazil has a weak party system because of all of the following EXCEPT

• A) its historical circumstances, such as the corporatism of the New State era making the formation of independent political parties difficult.
• B) the country's open list proportional representation system that creates incentives for politicians to ignore party labels because voters can easily cross party lines.
• C) party loyalty is weak among both voters and politicians.
• D) candidates could easily shift their party affiliation until 2007, even in the midst of an election.
• E) corruption within Brazil's political parties has led to the citizenry to reject party labels and loyalty.

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Definitions:

Degrees of Freedom

The number of independent values or quantities that can vary in the analysis of statistical data, which are necessary to calculate a statistic.

Partial ANOVA Table

A table that presents results from an Analysis of Variance test, but might not include all elements typically found in a full ANOVA table, such as missing data on certain variables or groups.

F-Distribution

A probability distribution that arises frequently as the null distribution of a test statistic, especially in variance analysis and ANOVA.

Degrees of Freedom

A measure indicating the number of values in a calculation that are free to vary without violating any constraints.