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A rat has learned that if it presses a lever every 30 seconds, it can avoid receiving a shock. After many sessions, you notice the rat leisurely wandering about the chamber during the time period preceding each lever press. On the surface, this behavior seems to _____ Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance.
Tobacco Use Disorder
A medical condition characterized by the problematic use of tobacco products, leading to significant impairment or distress.
Nicotine Use
The act of consuming nicotine through various means such as smoking cigarettes, vaping, or using smokeless tobacco products.
MDMA (Ecstasy)
A psychoactive drug primarily used for recreational purposes, known for its ability to produce feelings of euphoria, increased energy, and emotional warmth.
Short-Term Risks
Risks or dangers that occur immediately or within a brief period following an action or decision.
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