The Cruel and Unusual Test Proposed by Justice Warren Maintained

question 140

Multiple Choice

The cruel and unusual test proposed by Justice Warren maintained that punishments may be declared unconstitutional if the punishment:

• A) is disproportionate to the offense.
• B) is comparable to a form of torture.
• C) offends the values of contemporary society.
• D) inflicts physical or psychological  pain.
• E) all of the above.

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Definitions:

Organizational Hierarchy

A system in which people within an organization are ranked according to levels of authority and responsibility.

Encoding

The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory or communicated to others.

Decoding

The process of interpreting and making sense of messages or information received.

Downward Communication

The process of information flow from higher managerial or organizational levels to lower levels, typically involving directives, instructions, and policy announcements.